In this way, cylindrical coordinates provide a natural extension of polar coordinates to three dimensions. Starting with polar coordinates, we can follow this same process to create a new three-dimensional coordinate system, called the cylindrical coordinate system. When we expanded the traditional Cartesian coordinate system from two dimensions to three, we simply added a new axis to model the third dimension. Similarly, spherical coordinates are useful for dealing with problems involving spheres, such as finding the volume of domed structures. As the name suggests, cylindrical coordinates are useful for dealing with problems involving cylinders, such as calculating the volume of a round water tank or the amount of oil flowing through a pipe. In this section, we look at two different ways of describing the location of points in space, both of them based on extensions of polar coordinates. This is a familiar problem recall that in two dimensions, polar coordinates often provide a useful alternative system for describing the location of a point in the plane, particularly in cases involving circles. Some surfaces, however, can be difficult to model with equations based on the Cartesian system. The Cartesian coordinate system provides a straightforward way to describe the location of points in space. 2.7.4 Convert from rectangular to spherical coordinates.2.7.3 Convert from spherical to rectangular coordinates.
2.7.1 Convert from cylindrical to rectangular coordinates.
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